Upper-intermediate English words for Spanish speakers (CEFR B2). Academic vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, advanced phrasal verbs, debate language, and professional communication with example sentences and Spanish translations.
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| Palabra | Traducción | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| to account for to be a part of a total; to explain the reason Sinónimos: explain, make up | representar / explicar | Renewable energy now accounts for over 30% of global electricity production. La energía renovable ahora representa más del 30% de la producción mundial de electricidad. |
| to bring about to make something happen Sinónimos: cause, produce | provocar / causar | The new policy is expected to bring about significant changes in the healthcare system. Se espera que la nueva política provoque cambios significativos en el sistema sanitario. |
| to pull offinformal To succeed in doing something difficult or unexpected. Sinónimos: achieve, manage | lograr / conseguir (algo difícil) | Nobody thought the small startup could pull off such an ambitious merger. Nadie pensaba que la pequeña startup pudiera lograr una fusión tan ambiciosa. |
| to get away with to do something wrong without being punished | salirse con la suya / quedar impune | He thought he could get away with plagiarising his colleague's work, but he was caught. Pensó que podría salirse con la suya plagiando el trabajo de su colega, pero lo pillaron. |
| to live up to to be as good as what was expected or promised Sinónimos: meet, match | estar a la altura de | The sequel didn't live up to the expectations set by the original film. La secuela no estuvo a la altura de las expectativas creadas por la película original. |
| to put up with to accept something unpleasant without complaining Sinónimos: tolerate, endure | aguantar / tolerar | I can't put up with the noise from the construction site any longer. Ya no puedo aguantar más el ruido de la obra. |
| to track down To find someone or something after a long or difficult search. Sinónimos: locate, find | localizar / dar con | It took the journalists months to track down the original source of the leak. A los periodistas les llevó meses localizar la fuente original de la filtración. |
| to fend off To defend yourself against something unwanted, such as questions, criticism or an attack. Sinónimos: ward off, repel | rechazar / repeler | The minister spent the whole interview fending off questions about her resignation. La ministra se pasó toda la entrevista rechazando preguntas sobre su dimisión. |
| to follow through To complete something you have started or promised to do. Sinónimos: complete, see through | llevar a término / cumplir (lo prometido) | The council announced the reforms but never followed through on its promises. El ayuntamiento anunció las reformas, pero nunca cumplió sus promesas. |
| to spell out To explain something clearly and in detail so there is no confusion. Sinónimos: clarify, specify | explicar con claridad / detallar | The contract should spell out exactly who is responsible for the repairs. El contrato debería detallar exactamente quién es responsable de las reparaciones. |
| to rule out to decide something is not possible or suitable Sinónimos: exclude, eliminate | descartar | Doctors ruled out any serious illness after the tests came back normal. Los médicos descartaron cualquier enfermedad grave después de que las pruebas salieran normales. |
| to fall apart To break into pieces, or to stop working or existing as a group or plan. Sinónimos: collapse, disintegrate | desmoronarse / venirse abajo | The coalition fell apart after the smaller parties withdrew their support. La coalición se vino abajo después de que los partidos pequeños retiraran su apoyo. |
| to map out To plan something carefully and in detail. Sinónimos: plan, outline | planificar / trazar (un plan) | Before the launch, the team mapped out every stage of the marketing campaign. Antes del lanzamiento, el equipo planificó cada etapa de la campaña de marketing. |
| to pin down To identify or describe something exactly, or to make someone give a definite answer. Sinónimos: identify, specify | precisar / concretar | Scientists are still struggling to pin down the exact cause of the outbreak. Los científicos todavía se esfuerzan por precisar la causa exacta del brote. |
| to crop upinformal To appear or happen suddenly and unexpectedly. Sinónimos: arise, come up | surgir / aparecer (de repente) | Unexpected problems kept cropping up during the final phase of the project. Durante la fase final del proyecto no dejaban de surgir problemas inesperados. |
| to draw upformal to prepare a written document, like a plan or contract Sinónimos: draft, prepare | redactar / elaborar | The lawyer drew up a contract that protected both parties equally. El abogado redactó un contrato que protegía a ambas partes por igual. |
| to fall behind to make less progress than others or than planned Sinónimos: lag behind | retrasarse / quedarse atrás | Students who miss too many classes often fall behind their peers. Los estudiantes que faltan a demasiadas clases a menudo se quedan atrás respecto a sus compañeros. |
| to stand up for To defend or support a person, idea or principle that is being attacked or criticised. Sinónimos: defend, support | defender / dar la cara por | She has always stood up for colleagues who were treated unfairly by management. Siempre ha defendido a los compañeros que la dirección trataba injustamente. |
| overwhelming so strong or great that it is hard to deal with Sinónimos: immense, crushing | abrumador / arrollador | The response to the charity appeal was overwhelming, exceeding all expectations. La respuesta al llamamiento benéfico fue abrumadora, superando todas las expectativas. |
| straightforward simple and easy to understand or do Sinónimos: simple, clear | sencillo / directo | The instructions were straightforward, so we had no trouble assembling the furniture. Las instrucciones eran sencillas, así que no tuvimos problemas para montar el mueble. |
| compelling so interesting or convincing that you cannot ignore it Sinónimos: convincing, persuasive | convincente / fascinante | The documentary presented a compelling case for reforming the prison system. El documental presentó un caso convincente a favor de reformar el sistema penitenciario. |
| subtle not obvious; small and delicate, hard to notice Sinónimos: slight, delicate | sutil | There is a subtle difference between being assertive and being aggressive. Hay una diferencia sutil entre ser asertivo y ser agresivo. |
| thorough done completely, with attention to every detail Sinónimos: complete, detailed | exhaustivo / minucioso | The police conducted a thorough investigation before making any arrests. La policía realizó una investigación exhaustiva antes de efectuar ninguna detención. |
| misleading giving a wrong idea or impression Sinónimos: deceptive, confusing | engañoso | The advertisement was considered misleading because it exaggerated the product's benefits. El anuncio se consideró engañoso porque exageraba los beneficios del producto. |
| feasibleformal possible to do or achieve Sinónimos: possible, workable | viable / factible | The engineers determined that building a bridge at that location was technically feasible. Los ingenieros determinaron que construir un puente en esa ubicación era técnicamente viable. |
| outspoken saying your opinions openly, even when they shock Sinónimos: frank, direct | franco / que no se calla | She has always been outspoken about gender inequality in the workplace. Siempre ha sido franca respecto a la desigualdad de género en el trabajo. |
| widespread existing or happening in many places or among many people Sinónimos: common, extensive | generalizado / extendido | There is widespread concern about the impact of artificial intelligence on employment. Existe una preocupación generalizada sobre el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el empleo. |
| ground-breaking completely new and changing how things are done Sinónimos: innovative, pioneering | revolucionario / pionero | Her ground-breaking research on gene therapy has opened new doors in medicine. Su investigación pionera sobre terapia génica ha abierto nuevas puertas en la medicina. |
| thought-provoking making people think seriously about a subject Sinónimos: stimulating | que invita a la reflexión | The exhibition was thought-provoking and challenged visitors to reconsider their assumptions. La exposición invitaba a la reflexión y desafiaba a los visitantes a reconsiderar sus suposiciones. |
| far-fetched very unlikely to be true; hard to believe Sinónimos: unlikely, implausible | inverosímil / rebuscado | His excuse for being late sounded far-fetched, and nobody believed him. Su excusa por llegar tarde sonaba inverosímil, y nadie le creyó. |
| plausible Seeming likely to be true or reasonable, even if not proven. Sinónimos: believable, credible | verosímil / creíble | His explanation sounded plausible, but the evidence told a completely different story. Su explicación sonaba verosímil, pero las pruebas contaban una historia completamente distinta. |
| accountableformal responsible for your actions and required to explain them Sinónimos: responsible, answerable | responsable / que debe rendir cuentas | Public officials must be held accountable for how they spend taxpayers' money. Los funcionarios públicos deben rendir cuentas de cómo gastan el dinero de los contribuyentes. |
| ambiguous having more than one possible meaning; unclear Sinónimos: unclear, vague | ambiguo | The wording of the law is deliberately ambiguous, leaving room for interpretation. La redacción de la ley es deliberadamente ambigua, dejando margen para la interpretación. |
| relentless continuing without stopping or getting weaker Sinónimos: unstoppable, constant | implacable / incesante | The journalist's relentless pursuit of the truth eventually exposed the scandal. La búsqueda implacable de la verdad por parte del periodista acabó destapando el escándalo. |
| hindsight understanding a situation only after it has happened | retrospectiva / en retrospectiva | In hindsight, we should have invested more in cybersecurity before the breach occurred. En retrospectiva, deberíamos haber invertido más en ciberseguridad antes de que ocurriera la brecha. |
| outcome the final result of a process or event Sinónimos: result, consequence | resultado / desenlace | The outcome of the negotiations will determine the future of trade relations between the two countries. El resultado de las negociaciones determinará el futuro de las relaciones comerciales entre los dos países. |
| drawback a disadvantage or negative side of something Sinónimos: disadvantage, downside | inconveniente / desventaja | One major drawback of remote work is the lack of face-to-face interaction with colleagues. Un gran inconveniente del trabajo remoto es la falta de interacción cara a cara con los compañeros. |
| pitfall a hidden danger or problem that is easy to fall into Sinónimos: trap, hazard | trampa / escollo | The guide warns about common pitfalls that new entrepreneurs should avoid. La guía advierte sobre los escollos comunes que los nuevos emprendedores deberían evitar. |
| breakthrough an important discovery or success after much effort Sinónimos: advance, discovery | avance / descubrimiento | Scientists announced a major breakthrough in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Los científicos anunciaron un avance importante en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. |
| setback a problem that delays your progress Sinónimos: obstacle, reverse | contratiempo / revés | The project suffered a major setback when the main investor pulled out. El proyecto sufrió un gran contratiempo cuando el inversor principal se retiró. |
| upheaval a big sudden change causing confusion or trouble Sinónimos: turmoil, disruption | agitación / convulsión | The country has experienced significant political upheaval in the last decade. El país ha experimentado una agitación política significativa en la última década. |
| scrutinyformal very careful and detailed examination Sinónimos: examination, inspection | escrutinio / examen minucioso | The company's finances are under intense scrutiny following the fraud allegations. Las finanzas de la empresa están bajo un escrutinio intenso tras las acusaciones de fraude. |
| consensus general agreement among a group of people Sinónimos: agreement, accord | consenso | After hours of debate, the committee finally reached a consensus on the new regulations. Después de horas de debate, el comité finalmente alcanzó un consenso sobre las nuevas regulaciones. |
| to acknowledge to accept that something is true or exists Sinónimos: admit, recognize | reconocer / admitir | The government acknowledged that its initial response to the crisis had been inadequate. El gobierno reconoció que su respuesta inicial a la crisis había sido inadecuada. |
| to advocateformal to publicly support an idea or plan Sinónimos: support, champion | defender / abogar por | Many experts advocate investing more in preventive healthcare rather than reactive treatment. Muchos expertos abogan por invertir más en atención sanitaria preventiva en lugar de tratamiento reactivo. |
| to refuteformal to prove that a statement or argument is wrong Sinónimos: disprove, rebut | refutar / rebatir | The scientist refuted the claim that vaccines cause autism with extensive clinical data. La científica refutó la afirmación de que las vacunas causan autismo con datos clínicos extensos. |
| to undermine to make something weaker, often gradually or secretly Sinónimos: weaken, sabotage | socavar / minar | Spreading misinformation on social media can undermine public trust in democratic institutions. La difusión de desinformación en las redes sociales puede socavar la confianza pública en las instituciones democráticas. |
| to concedeformal to admit something is true after first disagreeing Sinónimos: admit, acknowledge | conceder / admitir | I concede that your argument has some merit, but I still disagree with your conclusion. Admito que tu argumento tiene algo de mérito, pero sigo sin estar de acuerdo con tu conclusión. |
| to contendformal to argue or claim that something is true Sinónimos: argue, maintain | sostener / argumentar | Critics contend that the new law will disproportionately affect low-income families. Los críticos sostienen que la nueva ley afectará de manera desproporcionada a las familias con bajos ingresos. |
| to dismiss to refuse to consider an idea; to remove from a job Sinónimos: reject, disregard | desestimar / rechazar | The judge dismissed the case due to insufficient evidence. El juez desestimó el caso por falta de pruebas suficientes. |
| to imply to suggest something without saying it directly Sinónimos: suggest, hint | insinuar / dar a entender | Are you implying that I had something to do with the missing funds? ¿Estás insinuando que tuve algo que ver con los fondos desaparecidos? |
| to inferformal to reach a conclusion from evidence, not direct statements Sinónimos: deduce, conclude | inferir / deducir | From the data presented, we can infer that consumer confidence is declining. A partir de los datos presentados, podemos inferir que la confianza del consumidor está disminuyendo. |
| to raise awareness to make more people know about an issue | concienciar / sensibilizar | The campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of excessive screen time for children. La campaña pretende concienciar sobre los peligros del tiempo excesivo de pantalla para los niños. |
| to allow for To consider something when making a plan or calculation so you are prepared for it. Sinónimos: take into account, provide for | tener en cuenta / prever | When planning the budget, you should allow for unexpected costs such as repairs. Al planificar el presupuesto, deberías prever costes inesperados como las reparaciones. |
| furthermoreformal in addition to what was said Sinónimos: moreover, besides | además / es más | The proposal is too expensive; furthermore, it fails to address the root cause of the problem. La propuesta es demasiado cara; además, no aborda la causa raíz del problema. |
| neverthelessformal despite what was just said Sinónimos: however, nonetheless | sin embargo / no obstante | The evidence is inconclusive; nevertheless, the findings suggest a strong correlation. La evidencia no es concluyente; sin embargo, los hallazgos sugieren una fuerte correlación. |
| converselyformal Used to introduce a statement that is the opposite of what was just said. Sinónimos: on the other hand, in contrast | a la inversa / por el contrario | Higher taxes may reduce spending; conversely, tax cuts tend to stimulate consumption. Los impuestos más altos pueden reducir el gasto; a la inversa, las rebajas fiscales suelen estimular el consumo. |
| even if Used to say that something will not change the situation, whether or not another thing happens. | aunque / incluso si | Even if the evidence were overwhelming, some people would still refuse to believe it. Aunque las pruebas fueran abrumadoras, algunas personas seguirían negándose a creerlas. |
| regardless of without being affected or changed by something Sinónimos: irrespective of, despite | independientemente de | All employees should be treated fairly, regardless of their gender or ethnic background. Todos los empleados deben ser tratados de forma justa, independientemente de su género u origen étnico. |
| milestone An important event or stage in the development of something. Sinónimos: landmark, turning point | hito / etapa clave | Securing the first international client was a major milestone for the company. Conseguir el primer cliente internacional fue un hito importante para la empresa. |
| appraisalformal A formal assessment of an employee's performance, or a judgement of the value of something. Sinónimos: evaluation, assessment | evaluación (de desempeño) / valoración | During my annual appraisal, my manager praised my teamwork but questioned my time management. Durante mi evaluación anual, mi jefa elogió mi trabajo en equipo pero cuestionó mi gestión del tiempo. |
| to outsource to pay another company to do work for yours Sinónimos: contract out | externalizar / subcontratar | Many companies outsource their customer service to reduce operational costs. Muchas empresas externalizan su servicio de atención al cliente para reducir los costes operativos. |
| stakeholder a person or group with an interest in a project or company | parte interesada | All key stakeholders must be consulted before any major decision is made. Todas las partes interesadas clave deben ser consultadas antes de tomar cualquier decisión importante. |
| to streamline to make a process simpler and more efficient Sinónimos: simplify, optimize | optimizar / agilizar | The company streamlined its production process, reducing delivery times by 40%. La empresa optimizó su proceso de producción, reduciendo los tiempos de entrega en un 40%. |
| to delegate to give part of your work or authority to someone else Sinónimos: assign, entrust | delegar | A good leader knows when to delegate tasks rather than trying to do everything alone. Un buen líder sabe cuándo delegar tareas en lugar de intentar hacerlo todo solo. |
| to liaiseformal to work closely with someone by sharing information Sinónimos: coordinate, cooperate | coordinar / servir de enlace | She liaises between the engineering team and the client to ensure smooth communication. Ella coordina entre el equipo de ingeniería y el cliente para garantizar una comunicación fluida. |
| to implementformal to put a plan or decision into action Sinónimos: carry out, execute | implementar / poner en práctica | The school plans to implement a new curriculum starting next academic year. La escuela planea implementar un nuevo plan de estudios a partir del próximo curso académico. |
| to assess to judge the quality, value or importance of something Sinónimos: evaluate, judge | evaluar / valorar | Experts were called in to assess the structural damage caused by the earthquake. Se llamó a expertos para evaluar los daños estructurales causados por el terremoto. |
| to allocateformal to give resources, money or time for a purpose Sinónimos: assign, distribute | asignar / destinar | The government allocated additional funds to improve public transport infrastructure. El gobierno destinó fondos adicionales para mejorar la infraestructura del transporte público. |
| to oversee to watch and direct work to make sure it is done well Sinónimos: supervise, monitor | supervisar | A senior engineer was appointed to oversee the construction of the new hospital. Se nombró a un ingeniero sénior para supervisar la construcción del nuevo hospital. |
| benchmark a standard used to compare and measure quality Sinónimos: standard, yardstick | punto de referencia / estándar | Their customer satisfaction rate has become the benchmark for the entire industry. Su tasa de satisfacción del cliente se ha convertido en el estándar de referencia para toda la industria. |
| to comply withformal to act according to a rule or law Sinónimos: follow, obey | cumplir con | All businesses must comply with the new data protection regulations by the end of the year. Todas las empresas deben cumplir con las nuevas regulaciones de protección de datos antes de fin de año. |
| turnover the money a business receives; the rate people leave a company Sinónimos: revenue | facturación / rotación de personal | High employee turnover is often a sign of poor management or low job satisfaction. La alta rotación de personal a menudo es una señal de mala gestión o baja satisfacción laboral. |
| to fosterformal to encourage the growth or development of something Sinónimos: encourage, promote | fomentar / promover | The programme was designed to foster innovation and creativity among young entrepreneurs. El programa fue diseñado para fomentar la innovación y la creatividad entre los jóvenes emprendedores. |
| to underpinformal to form the base that supports an idea or system Sinónimos: support, sustain | sustentar / apuntalar | A strong legal framework underpins the democratic system in most Western countries. Un marco legal sólido sustenta el sistema democrático en la mayoría de los países occidentales. |
| to encompassformal to include many different things Sinónimos: include, cover | abarcar / englobar | The study encompasses a wide range of topics, from economics to environmental science. El estudio abarca una amplia gama de temas, desde economía hasta ciencias ambientales. |
| to address to deal with a problem or question Sinónimos: tackle, deal with | abordar / tratar | The report addresses the growing issue of income inequality in developed nations. El informe aborda el creciente problema de la desigualdad de ingresos en los países desarrollados. |
| to elaborateformal to explain something in more detail Sinónimos: expand, develop | desarrollar / ampliar | Could you elaborate on the methodology you used in your research? ¿Podrías desarrollar la metodología que usaste en tu investigación? |
| to constrainformal to limit what someone or something can do Sinónimos: limit, restrict | limitar / restringir | Budget cuts have severely constrained the university's ability to fund new research projects. Los recortes presupuestarios han limitado gravemente la capacidad de la universidad para financiar nuevos proyectos de investigación. |
| to yieldformal to produce a result or profit; to give way Sinónimos: produce, generate | producir / generar / ceder | The experiment yielded unexpected results that contradicted the initial hypothesis. El experimento produjo resultados inesperados que contradecían la hipótesis inicial. |
| to hinder to make it harder for something to happen or progress Sinónimos: obstruct, hamper | obstaculizar / dificultar | Lack of funding continues to hinder scientific progress in many developing countries. La falta de financiación sigue obstaculizando el progreso científico en muchos países en desarrollo. |
| to citeformal to mention something as an example or proof Sinónimos: quote, mention | citar | The article cites several studies that support the link between exercise and mental health. El artículo cita varios estudios que respaldan el vínculo entre el ejercicio y la salud mental. |
| to stem from to be caused by or come from something Sinónimos: arise from, originate from | derivar de / tener origen en | Many of today's social problems stem from decades of economic inequality. Muchos de los problemas sociales actuales derivan de décadas de desigualdad económica. |
| to fluctuate to change often between higher and lower levels Sinónimos: vary, swing | fluctuar / oscilar | Oil prices have fluctuated wildly over the past year due to geopolitical tensions. Los precios del petróleo han fluctuado enormemente durante el último año debido a las tensiones geopolíticas. |
| to compriseformal to consist of or be made up of parts Sinónimos: consist of, include | comprender / estar compuesto de | The board of directors comprises twelve members from different professional backgrounds. La junta directiva está compuesta por doce miembros de diferentes ámbitos profesionales. |
| to entailformal to involve something as a necessary part or result Sinónimos: involve, require | implicar / conllevar | Moving abroad for work entails leaving behind your social network and starting over. Mudarse al extranjero por trabajo conlleva dejar atrás tu red social y empezar de nuevo. |
| to convey to communicate an idea or feeling to someone Sinónimos: communicate, express | transmitir / comunicar | Body language often conveys more than words in a job interview. El lenguaje corporal a menudo transmite más que las palabras en una entrevista de trabajo. |
| to rob To take money or property illegally from a person or place, often using force or threats. | robar (a una persona, un banco) | Two men robbed the bank on the high street, but they stole surprisingly little money. Dos hombres robaron el banco de la calle principal, pero se llevaron sorprendentemente poco dinero. |
| to suit To be convenient or right for someone, or to make someone look attractive. | convenir / sentar bien (ir bien a alguien) | Working from home suits me perfectly, although the blue jacket doesn't suit you at all. Trabajar desde casa me conviene perfectamente, aunque la chaqueta azul no te sienta nada bien. |
| to tell to give information TO a person; used with an object | decir / contar (a alguien) | I told him the meeting had been cancelled, but he showed up anyway. Le dije que la reunión se había cancelado, pero se presentó de todas formas. |
| to say to speak words; used without saying who hears them | decir (algo) | She said that the project would be finished by the end of the month. Dijo que el proyecto estaría terminado para finales de mes. |
| to make a decision to decide; note: make, never do, goes with decision Sinónimos: decide | tomar una decisión | We need to make a decision about the budget before the board meeting next week. Necesitamos tomar una decisión sobre el presupuesto antes de la reunión de la junta la semana que viene. |
| to do research to study something carefully; note: do goes with research | investigar / hacer investigación | Before launching the product, the company did extensive research into consumer preferences. Antes de lanzar el producto, la empresa hizo una investigación exhaustiva sobre las preferencias del consumidor. |
| to hear to notice sound with your ears, without trying | oír (percibir sonido) | I could hear the neighbours arguing through the thin walls of the apartment. Podía oír a los vecinos discutiendo a través de las finas paredes del apartamento. |
| to listen to to pay attention to a sound on purpose | escuchar (prestar atención) | You should listen to what the doctor advises rather than searching for symptoms online. Deberías escuchar lo que aconseja el médico en lugar de buscar síntomas en internet. |
| to ariseformal To happen or begin to exist, especially a problem or difficulty. Sinónimos: emerge, come up | surgir / presentarse | Serious complications arose when the two departments refused to share their data. Surgieron complicaciones graves cuando los dos departamentos se negaron a compartir sus datos. |
| to rise to go up or increase, with no object after it Sinónimos: increase, go up | subir / levantarse / aumentar | Unemployment rates rose sharply during the economic recession. Las tasas de desempleo subieron bruscamente durante la recesión económica. |
| to lay To put something down carefully in a flat position. Sinónimos: place, put down | poner / colocar (algo sobre una superficie) | She laid the documents on the desk and then lay down on the sofa, exhausted. Colocó los documentos sobre el escritorio y luego se tumbó en el sofá, agotada. |
| to remember to keep or bring back something in your mind Sinónimos: recall | recordar / acordarse de | I remember reading somewhere that regular sleep patterns improve cognitive function. Recuerdo haber leído en algún sitio que los patrones regulares de sueño mejoran la función cognitiva. |
| ultimately In the end; when everything has been considered. Sinónimos: in the end, finally | en última instancia / a fin de cuentas | Ultimately, the decision to relocate the factory rests with the board of directors. En última instancia, la decisión de trasladar la fábrica recae en el consejo de administración. |
| casually In a relaxed, informal way, or without seeming to care much. Sinónimos: informally, offhandedly | de manera informal / con naturalidad | He casually mentioned that he had been offered a job in Singapore. Mencionó con naturalidad que le habían ofrecido un trabajo en Singapur. |
| to assistformal To help someone do something, especially in a formal or official context. Sinónimos: help, support | ayudar / prestar ayuda | Volunteers assisted the emergency services in evacuating residents from the flooded area. Los voluntarios ayudaron a los servicios de emergencia a evacuar a los residentes de la zona inundada. |
| to pretend to act as if something is true when it is not Sinónimos: fake, act | fingir / hacer como si | He pretended to be interested in the conversation, but his mind was elsewhere. Fingió estar interesado en la conversación, pero su mente estaba en otra parte. |
| comprehensive Including everything or nearly everything that is relevant; complete and thorough. Sinónimos: thorough, complete | exhaustivo / completo | The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the housing crisis in major cities. El informe ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de la crisis de la vivienda en las grandes ciudades. |
| actual Real and existing in fact, rather than what is believed, expected or claimed. Sinónimos: real, true | real / verdadero | The actual cost of the stadium was almost double the figure quoted to taxpayers. El coste real del estadio fue casi el doble de la cifra que se dio a los contribuyentes. |
| to resumeformal To start again after a pause or interruption. Sinónimos: restart, continue | reanudar / retomar | Talks between the union and the company will resume once the strike has ended. Las conversaciones entre el sindicato y la empresa se reanudarán una vez que haya terminado la huelga. |
| it's no use words meaning that doing something will not help Sinónimos: it's pointless | no sirve de nada / es inútil | It's no use complaining about the weather — let's just make the best of it. No sirve de nada quejarse del tiempo — saquemos el mejor partido. |
| to be on the verge of to be very close to doing or experiencing something Sinónimos: be about to | estar a punto de / estar al borde de | The company was on the verge of bankruptcy before the new CEO turned things around. La empresa estaba al borde de la quiebra antes de que el nuevo director ejecutivo diera la vuelta a la situación. |
| to take for granted to not value something because you assume it will always be there | dar por sentado / no valorar | We often take clean drinking water for granted until there's a shortage. A menudo damos por sentado el agua potable limpia hasta que hay escasez. |
| to beat around the bushinformal to avoid talking about the main point directly | andarse con rodeos | Stop beating around the bush and tell me exactly what happened. Deja de andarte con rodeos y dime exactamente qué pasó. |
| to call the shotsinformal To be the person who makes the decisions and has control of a situation. Sinónimos: be in control, run the show | llevar la voz cantante / mandar | Although he is officially the assistant, everyone knows he is the one who calls the shots. Aunque oficialmente es el asistente, todo el mundo sabe que él es quien lleva la voz cantante. |
| the bottom lineinformal the most important fact or the final result Sinónimos: the key point | lo fundamental / en resumidas cuentas | The bottom line is that we can't afford to hire more staff without increasing revenue. Lo fundamental es que no podemos permitirnos contratar a más personal sin aumentar los ingresos. |
| to have a say to have the right to give your opinion in a decision | tener voz y voto / opinar | Employees should have a say in decisions that directly affect their working conditions. Los empleados deberían tener voz y voto en las decisiones que afectan directamente a sus condiciones laborales. |
| to miss the point to not understand the most important part of something | no entender la cuestión / perderse lo esencial | You're missing the point — the issue isn't the cost, it's the principle. No estás entendiendo la cuestión: el problema no es el coste, sino el principio. |
| to make up for to do something good to balance something bad Sinónimos: compensate for | compensar | He worked overtime all week to make up for the time he had missed. Trabajó horas extra toda la semana para compensar el tiempo que había perdido. |
| to keep up with to move or progress as fast as someone or something Sinónimos: stay level with | mantenerse al día con / seguir el ritmo de | It's hard to keep up with the rapid pace of technological change. Es difícil mantenerse al día con el rápido ritmo del cambio tecnológico. |
| a matter of time something certain to happen, only the moment is unknown | cuestión de tiempo | Given the current trends, experts say it's only a matter of time before another financial crisis hits. Dadas las tendencias actuales, los expertos dicen que es solo cuestión de tiempo antes de que llegue otra crisis financiera. |
| the pros and cons the advantages and disadvantages of something Sinónimos: advantages and disadvantages | los pros y los contras | Before accepting the offer, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons. Antes de aceptar la oferta, deberías sopesar cuidadosamente los pros y los contras. |
| to read between the lines to understand a hidden meaning that is not said directly | leer entre líneas | If you read between the lines of his speech, you'll notice he's hinting at resignation. Si lees entre líneas de su discurso, notarás que está insinuando su dimisión. |
| to get to the bottom of to find the real cause or truth of something Sinónimos: uncover, solve | llegar al fondo de | The investigation aims to get to the bottom of what caused the data breach. La investigación pretende llegar al fondo de lo que causó la filtración de datos. |
| to stand out to be clearly better or more noticeable than others Sinónimos: excel, shine | destacar / sobresalir | Her application stood out from the rest because of her unique volunteer experience. Su solicitud destacó del resto por su experiencia única como voluntaria. |
| to have second thoughts to start doubting a decision you already made Sinónimos: reconsider, hesitate | tener dudas / pensárselo dos veces | I'm having second thoughts about moving to another country so far from my family. Tengo dudas sobre mudarme a otro país tan lejos de mi familia. |
| allegedlyformal said to be true but not yet proved Sinónimos: supposedly, reportedly | presuntamente / supuestamente | The politician allegedly accepted bribes from a construction company. El político presuntamente aceptó sobornos de una empresa constructora. |
| to curb to control or limit something harmful Sinónimos: restrain, limit | frenar / contener | The government introduced new measures to curb the spread of misinformation online. El gobierno introdujo nuevas medidas para frenar la propagación de desinformación en línea. |
| to pledgeformal to make a serious public promise Sinónimos: promise, vow | comprometerse / prometer | World leaders pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 50% before 2030. Los líderes mundiales se comprometieron a reducir las emisiones de carbono en un 50% antes de 2030. |
| to spark to cause something to start, especially suddenly Sinónimos: trigger, ignite | provocar / desencadenar | The controversial decision sparked widespread protests across the country. La decisión controvertida provocó protestas generalizadas en todo el país. |
| to tackle to deal with a difficult problem with determination Sinónimos: address, confront | abordar / enfrentar | The city council is developing a new strategy to tackle homelessness. El ayuntamiento está desarrollando una nueva estrategia para abordar el problema de las personas sin hogar. |
| to ban to officially forbid something Sinónimos: forbid, prohibit | prohibir | Several countries have banned single-use plastic bags in supermarkets. Varios países han prohibido las bolsas de plástico de un solo uso en los supermercados. |
| a surge a sudden large increase Sinónimos: spike, jump | un aumento repentino / una oleada | There has been a surge in demand for electric vehicles over the past two years. Ha habido un aumento repentino en la demanda de vehículos eléctricos en los últimos dos años. |
| to deteriorateformal to become worse over time Sinónimos: worsen, decline | deteriorarse / empeorar | Relations between the two nations have deteriorated significantly since the trade dispute began. Las relaciones entre las dos naciones se han deteriorado significativamente desde que comenzó la disputa comercial. |
| to crack down on to start dealing strictly with something illegal or bad Sinónimos: clamp down on | tomar medidas enérgicas contra | Authorities are cracking down on illegal logging in the Amazon rainforest. Las autoridades están tomando medidas enérgicas contra la tala ilegal en la selva amazónica. |
| to phase out to stop using something slowly, in stages Sinónimos: discontinue gradually | eliminar gradualmente / retirar progresivamente | The country plans to phase out coal-fired power plants by 2035. El país planea eliminar gradualmente las centrales eléctricas de carbón para 2035. |
| to imposeformal to force a rule, tax or decision on people Sinónimos: enforce, inflict | imponer | The European Union imposed economic sanctions on the regime in response to human rights violations. La Unión Europea impuso sanciones económicas al régimen en respuesta a las violaciones de derechos humanos. |
| to discloseformal to make secret information known Sinónimos: reveal, divulge | revelar / divulgar | Companies are now required to disclose their carbon footprint in annual reports. Ahora se exige a las empresas que divulguen su huella de carbono en los informes anuales. |
| prone to likely to experience or do something, usually bad Sinónimos: liable to, inclined to | propenso a / tendente a | Coastal regions are particularly prone to flooding during the hurricane season. Las regiones costeras son particularmente propensas a inundaciones durante la temporada de huracanes. |
| to grapple with To try hard to deal with or understand a difficult problem. Sinónimos: struggle with, tackle | lidiar con / enfrentarse a | Governments across Europe are grappling with the challenge of an ageing population. Los gobiernos de toda Europa están lidiando con el desafío de una población que envejece. |
| to stumble upon To find or discover something by chance. Sinónimos: chance upon, discover | toparse con / encontrar por casualidad | While researching her family history, she stumbled upon a letter from 1912. Mientras investigaba la historia de su familia, se topó con una carta de 1912. |
| handful a small number of people or things Sinónimos: a few | un puñado / unos pocos | Only a handful of applicants had the qualifications required for the senior position. Solo un puñado de candidatos tenía las cualificaciones necesarias para el puesto sénior. |
| to grasp to understand something; to hold firmly Sinónimos: understand, seize | comprender / captar / agarrar | It took me a while to grasp the full implications of the new company policy. Me llevó un tiempo comprender todas las implicaciones de la nueva política de la empresa. |
| to tackle something head-on to deal with a problem directly, without avoiding it Sinónimos: confront directly | enfrentarse a algo de frente | Rather than avoiding the problem, the new manager decided to tackle it head-on. En lugar de evitar el problema, el nuevo gerente decidió enfrentarse a él de frente. |
| to bear in mind to remember and consider something when deciding Sinónimos: keep in mind, remember | tener en cuenta / tener presente | Bear in mind that the statistics only reflect reported cases, not the actual total. Ten en cuenta que las estadísticas solo reflejan los casos denunciados, no el total real. |
| to be bound to to be certain to happen or do something Sinónimos: be sure to | ser seguro que / estar destinado a | With so little preparation, the project was bound to fail. Con tan poca preparación, el proyecto estaba destinado a fracasar. |
| to give rise toformal to cause something to happen or exist Sinónimos: cause, lead to | dar lugar a / provocar | The rapid expansion of cities has given rise to serious environmental challenges. La rápida expansión de las ciudades ha dado lugar a serios desafíos medioambientales. |
| to lay off to end someone's job because there is not enough work Sinónimos: let go, dismiss | despedir (por reducción de plantilla) | The factory laid off 200 workers after the demand for their products dropped. La fábrica despidió a 200 trabajadores después de que cayera la demanda de sus productos. |
| to wind upinformal to finally be in a situation you didn't plan Sinónimos: end up | acabar / terminar (en una situación) | If you don't plan your finances carefully, you could wind up in serious debt. Si no planificas bien tus finanzas, podrías acabar con una deuda seria. |
| to wear off to gradually disappear, like the effect of medicine Sinónimos: fade, subside | desvanecerse / pasar (un efecto) | The initial excitement of the new job wore off after a few months. La emoción inicial del nuevo trabajo se desvaneció después de unos meses. |
| to cut back on to do or spend less of something Sinónimos: reduce, cut down on | reducir / recortar | The government has been forced to cut back on public spending due to the economic downturn. El gobierno se ha visto obligado a recortar el gasto público debido a la recesión económica. |
| to see to to take responsibility for doing something Sinónimos: take care of, handle | encargarse de / ocuparse de | Don't worry about the arrangements — I'll see to everything while you're away. No te preocupes por los preparativos — yo me encargo de todo mientras estés fuera. |
| nuance a very small difference in meaning or feeling Sinónimos: subtlety, shade | matiz | Political debates often lack the nuance needed to discuss complex issues effectively. Los debates políticos a menudo carecen del matiz necesario para discutir cuestiones complejas de manera eficaz. |
| leverage power to influence; to use something to get an advantage Sinónimos: influence, advantage | influencia / ventaja / apalancamiento | The union used the threat of a strike as leverage in the salary negotiations. El sindicato usó la amenaza de huelga como palanca en las negociaciones salariales. |
| threshold the level at which something starts to happen Sinónimos: limit, boundary | umbral / límite | Once pollution levels cross a certain threshold, the health risks increase dramatically. Una vez que los niveles de contaminación superan cierto umbral, los riesgos para la salud aumentan drásticamente. |
| accountabilityformal being responsible for actions and required to explain them Sinónimos: responsibility | rendición de cuentas / responsabilidad | Greater accountability in government spending would help reduce corruption. Una mayor rendición de cuentas en el gasto público ayudaría a reducir la corrupción. |
| to endorseformal to publicly support or approve of something Sinónimos: support, back | respaldar / apoyar / avalar | The celebrity was paid a fortune to endorse the new line of sports equipment. Al famoso le pagaron una fortuna por avalar la nueva línea de equipamiento deportivo. |
| to exacerbateformal to make a bad situation even worse Sinónimos: worsen, aggravate | agravar / exacerbar | The drought was exacerbated by years of poor water management policies. La sequía se agravó por años de malas políticas de gestión del agua. |
| to be worth + -ing used to say something is useful or valuable to do | merecer la pena + infinitivo | It's worth considering all the options before you commit to a mortgage. Merece la pena considerar todas las opciones antes de comprometerte con una hipoteca. |
| would rather Used to say that you would prefer to do one thing instead of another. Sinónimos: prefer to | preferir / preferiría | I would rather work late tonight than come in at the weekend. Preferiría trabajar hasta tarde esta noche que venir el fin de semana. |
| I wish + past simple words to express a wish that the present were different | ojalá + imperfecto de subjuntivo | I wish I had more time to spend with my family during the week. Ojalá tuviera más tiempo para pasar con mi familia durante la semana. |
| to be due to To be expected or scheduled to happen or arrive at a particular time. Sinónimos: be scheduled to, be expected to | tener previsto / estar programado para | The new regulations are due to come into force in January, but the vote has been postponed. Las nuevas normas tienen previsto entrar en vigor en enero, pero la votación se ha pospuesto. |
| to be likely to to probably do something or happen Sinónimos: probably will | ser probable que | Interest rates are likely to rise again before the end of the year. Es probable que los tipos de interés vuelvan a subir antes de fin de año. |
| rather than instead of; used to show preference between options Sinónimos: instead of | en lugar de / en vez de | She chose to travel by train rather than fly, to reduce her carbon footprint. Eligió viajar en tren en lugar de en avión, para reducir su huella de carbono. |
| albeitformal Although; used to add a comment that makes a statement less strong. Sinónimos: although, though | aunque / si bien | The economy is growing, albeit more slowly than the government had predicted. La economía está creciendo, aunque más despacio de lo que el gobierno había previsto. |
| henceformal For this reason; as a result of what was just said. Sinónimos: therefore, thus | por lo tanto / de ahí | The bridge was built in 1890; hence the need for such extensive repairs today. El puente se construyó en 1890; de ahí la necesidad de reparaciones tan extensas hoy. |
| to take something for granted to not value something because you assume it will always be there | dar algo por sentado | Don't take your good health for granted — make sure you exercise regularly and eat well. No des tu buena salud por sentada — asegúrate de hacer ejercicio regularmente y comer bien. |
| sustainability the ability to continue without harming the environment | sostenibilidad | Sustainability has become a key concern for both consumers and businesses worldwide. La sostenibilidad se ha convertido en una preocupación clave tanto para consumidores como para empresas en todo el mundo. |
| inequality the unfair situation where some have more than others Sinónimos: disparity, unfairness | desigualdad | Income inequality has widened significantly in many developed countries over the past three decades. La desigualdad de ingresos se ha ampliado significativamente en muchos países desarrollados durante las últimas tres décadas. |
| to underestimate to think something is smaller or less important than it is | subestimar | Never underestimate the power of a well-prepared presentation in a business meeting. Nunca subestimes el poder de una presentación bien preparada en una reunión de negocios. |
| to overlook to fail to notice something; to have a view over Sinónimos: miss, ignore | pasar por alto / no tener en cuenta | The inspector overlooked a critical safety issue that later led to the accident. El inspector pasó por alto un problema de seguridad crítico que más tarde provocó el accidente. |
| to enhanceformal to improve the quality or value of something Sinónimos: improve, boost | mejorar / potenciar | The new software is designed to enhance productivity across all departments. El nuevo software está diseñado para mejorar la productividad en todos los departamentos. |
| to retainformal to keep something and not lose it Sinónimos: keep, hold on to | retener / conservar | Companies that invest in employee wellbeing tend to retain their staff for longer. Las empresas que invierten en el bienestar de los empleados tienden a retener a su personal durante más tiempo. |
| to disrupt to stop something continuing normally Sinónimos: interrupt, disturb | alterar / interrumpir / revolucionar | New technologies have the potential to disrupt entire industries within a few years. Las nuevas tecnologías tienen el potencial de revolucionar industrias enteras en pocos años. |
| resilient able to recover quickly from difficulties Sinónimos: tough, adaptable | resiliente / resistente | Communities that are more resilient can recover faster from natural disasters. Las comunidades que son más resilientes pueden recuperarse más rápido de los desastres naturales. |
| controversial causing strong public disagreement Sinónimos: disputed, contentious | polémico / controvertido | The decision to build a new motorway through the national park was highly controversial. La decisión de construir una nueva autopista a través del parque nacional fue muy polémica. |
| inconsistent not staying the same; containing contradictions Sinónimos: contradictory, erratic | inconsistente / contradictorio | The witness's testimony was inconsistent with the physical evidence found at the scene. El testimonio del testigo era inconsistente con las pruebas físicas encontradas en la escena. |
| to retrieveformal to get something back, especially stored information Sinónimos: recover, fetch | recuperar / obtener | The IT team was able to retrieve the deleted files from the backup server. El equipo de informática pudo recuperar los archivos borrados del servidor de respaldo. |
| to perceiveformal to notice or understand something in a particular way Sinónimos: see, view | percibir / considerar | Older workers are often perceived as less adaptable, though studies show otherwise. Los trabajadores mayores a menudo son percibidos como menos adaptables, aunque los estudios demuestran lo contrario. |
| to anticipate to expect something and prepare for it Sinónimos: expect, foresee | prever / anticipar | Analysts anticipate a significant slowdown in the housing market next quarter. Los analistas prevén una ralentización significativa del mercado inmobiliario el próximo trimestre. |
| to trigger to make something start happening Sinónimos: spark, set off | desencadenar / provocar | The assassination triggered a chain of events that led to the outbreak of war. El asesinato desencadenó una cadena de acontecimientos que condujo al estallido de la guerra. |
| to neglect to fail to give enough care or attention Sinónimos: ignore, disregard | descuidar / desatender | The city's infrastructure had been neglected for decades, resulting in crumbling roads and bridges. La infraestructura de la ciudad había sido desatendida durante décadas, lo que resultó en carreteras y puentes deteriorados. |
| to come to terms with to gradually accept a difficult situation Sinónimos: accept, reconcile with | aceptar / hacerse a la idea de | It took her years to come to terms with the loss of her closest friend. Le llevó años hacerse a la idea de la pérdida de su amiga más cercana. |
| to turn a blind eye to to pretend not to notice something wrong Sinónimos: ignore, overlook | hacer la vista gorda | Regulators were accused of turning a blind eye to the bank's risky lending practices. Se acusó a los reguladores de hacer la vista gorda ante las prácticas de préstamo arriesgadas del banco. |
| to take the initiative to act first without being asked | tomar la iniciativa | Instead of waiting for instructions, she took the initiative and organised the team herself. En lugar de esperar instrucciones, tomó la iniciativa y organizó al equipo ella misma. |
| to weigh up to consider the good and bad sides before deciding Sinónimos: consider, evaluate | sopesar | Before making any investment, you should carefully weigh up the risks and potential rewards. Antes de hacer cualquier inversión, deberías sopesar cuidadosamente los riesgos y las posibles recompensas. |
| to take into consideration to think about something when making a decision Sinónimos: consider, take into account | tomar en consideración | The court took into consideration the defendant's difficult upbringing when deciding the sentence. El tribunal tomó en consideración la difícil infancia del acusado al decidir la sentencia. |
| the latterformal the second of two things just mentioned | este último / el segundo | You can choose between the standard plan and the premium plan; the latter includes priority support. Puedes elegir entre el plan estándar y el plan premium; este último incluye soporte prioritario. |
| the formerformal the first of two things just mentioned | el primero / aquel | Both proposals have merit, but the former is more cost-effective in the long run. Ambas propuestas tienen mérito, pero la primera es más rentable a largo plazo. |
| to amount to to add up to a total; to be the same as Sinónimos: total, equal | equivaler a / ascender a | The total cost of the renovations amounted to over fifty thousand euros. El coste total de las reformas ascendió a más de cincuenta mil euros. |
| forthcomingformal happening soon; also willing to give information Sinónimos: upcoming, imminent | próximo / inminente / comunicativo | The government has not been forthcoming about the true cost of the infrastructure project. El gobierno no ha sido muy comunicativo sobre el coste real del proyecto de infraestructura. |
| to stand for to represent or mean; to support an idea Sinónimos: represent, mean | significar / representar / tolerar | The acronym WHO stands for World Health Organisation. El acrónimo WHO significa Organización Mundial de la Salud. |
| to put forward to suggest an idea or plan for discussion Sinónimos: propose, suggest | proponer / presentar | The committee put forward a proposal to restructure the department. El comité presentó una propuesta para reestructurar el departamento. |
| to touch on To mention a subject briefly without discussing it in detail. Sinónimos: mention, refer to | mencionar brevemente / tocar (un tema) | The lecturer only touched on climate policy, promising to cover it in depth next week. El profesor solo tocó brevemente la política climática, prometiendo tratarla a fondo la semana que viene. |
| to hold back to stop yourself or something from moving forward Sinónimos: restrain, suppress | contener / reprimir / frenar | Don't hold back — if you have constructive criticism, please share it. No te contengas — si tienes críticas constructivas, por favor compártelas. |
| to hammer out To reach an agreement or decision after a lot of discussion and effort. Sinónimos: work out, negotiate | negociar con esfuerzo / cerrar (un acuerdo) | After three days of talks, the two sides finally hammered out a compromise on wages. Tras tres días de conversaciones, las dos partes finalmente cerraron un acuerdo sobre los salarios. |
| to come across as to seem to be a certain type of person Sinónimos: seem, appear | dar la impresión de ser | He didn't mean to come across as arrogant, but his tone put people off. No pretendía dar la impresión de ser arrogante, pero su tono alejó a la gente. |
| to get round to to finally do something after delaying it | encontrar el momento para | I've been meaning to read that report, but I haven't got round to it yet. He tenido la intención de leer ese informe, pero aún no he encontrado el momento. |
| insight A clear and deep understanding of a complicated problem or situation. Sinónimos: understanding, perception | perspectiva / comprensión profunda | The interviews gave researchers valuable insight into how teenagers use social media. Las entrevistas dieron a los investigadores una valiosa perspectiva sobre cómo usan las redes sociales los adolescentes. |
| loophole a gap in a rule that lets people avoid it | laguna legal / vacío legal | Some multinational companies exploit tax loopholes to avoid paying their fair share. Algunas empresas multinacionales explotan lagunas fiscales para evitar pagar lo que les corresponde. |
| to undergoformal to experience a process, often unpleasant or medical Sinónimos: experience, go through | someterse a / experimentar | The building is currently undergoing major renovations and won't reopen until next year. El edificio está siendo sometido actualmente a grandes reformas y no reabrirá hasta el año que viene. |
| to be at stake to be at risk of being lost Sinónimos: be at risk | estar en juego | With thousands of jobs at stake, the factory closure was deeply controversial. Con miles de empleos en juego, el cierre de la fábrica fue muy polémico. |
| to take its toll to cause gradual damage or harm over time | pasar factura | Years of working night shifts eventually took their toll on his health. Años de trabajar en turnos de noche acabaron pasándole factura a su salud. |
| to striveformal to try very hard to achieve something Sinónimos: struggle, endeavour | esforzarse / luchar por | We should all strive for a more equitable and inclusive society. Todos deberíamos esforzarnos por una sociedad más equitativa e inclusiva. |
| profound very deep, strong or serious Sinónimos: deep, intense | profundo | The invention of the internet has had a profound impact on every aspect of modern life. La invención de internet ha tenido un impacto profundo en todos los aspectos de la vida moderna. |
| outweigh to be more important than something else Sinónimos: exceed, surpass | superar / ser mayor que | In my opinion, the benefits of renewable energy far outweigh the costs of transitioning. En mi opinión, los beneficios de la energía renovable superan con creces los costes de la transición. |
| to endureformal to suffer something difficult patiently; to last long Sinónimos: bear, withstand | soportar / aguantar / perdurar | The refugees endured months of hardship before reaching safety. Los refugiados soportaron meses de penalidades antes de llegar a un lugar seguro. |
| to thrive to grow, develop or be successful Sinónimos: flourish, prosper | prosperar / florecer | Some businesses thrived during the pandemic, especially those in the digital sector. Algunos negocios prosperaron durante la pandemia, especialmente los del sector digital. |
| to deterformal to make someone decide not to do something Sinónimos: discourage, dissuade | disuadir / desalentar | Higher fines alone are not enough to deter people from driving above the speed limit. Las multas más altas por sí solas no son suficientes para disuadir a la gente de conducir por encima del límite de velocidad. |
| to prejudiceformal to unfairly influence; to harm a case or interest Sinónimos: bias, harm | perjudicar / predisponer | Media coverage of the case may have prejudiced the jury before the trial even began. La cobertura mediática del caso puede haber predispuesto al jurado antes de que comenzara el juicio. |
| to be prone to to be likely to experience or do something, usually bad Sinónimos: be liable to | ser propenso a | People who skip breakfast are prone to overeating later in the day. Las personas que se saltan el desayuno son propensas a comer en exceso más tarde. |
| on behalf offormal as a representative of someone Sinónimos: representing | en nombre de / en representación de | I'm writing to you on behalf of the entire department to express our gratitude. Le escribo en nombre de todo el departamento para expresar nuestra gratitud. |
| to resort to to use something less desirable because nothing else works Sinónimos: turn to, fall back on | recurrir a | When diplomacy failed, the country resorted to economic sanctions to put pressure on its neighbour. Cuando la diplomacia falló, el país recurrió a las sanciones económicas para presionar a su vecino. |
| to drag on To continue for longer than necessary or expected, in a boring or annoying way. Sinónimos: go on, last | alargarse / hacerse eterno | The negotiations dragged on for months without either side making any concessions. Las negociaciones se alargaron durante meses sin que ninguna de las partes hiciera concesiones. |
| to count on To depend on someone or something to do what you need. Sinónimos: rely on, depend on | contar con / confiar en | You can count on the finance team to deliver the figures before the audit begins. Puedes contar con que el equipo de finanzas entregue las cifras antes de que empiece la auditoría. |
| to fall through to fail to happen, like a plan or deal Sinónimos: collapse, fail | fracasar / no concretarse | The deal fell through at the last minute because the buyer couldn't secure financing. El acuerdo se cayó en el último minuto porque el comprador no pudo conseguir financiación. |
| unbiased fair; not preferring one side Sinónimos: impartial, objective | imparcial / objetivo | Journalists have an ethical obligation to provide unbiased reporting on political events. Los periodistas tienen la obligación ética de proporcionar una cobertura imparcial de los eventos políticos. |
| unprecedentedformal never having happened before Sinónimos: unheard-of, novel | sin precedentes | The pandemic created unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems around the world. La pandemia creó desafíos sin precedentes para los sistemas sanitarios de todo el mundo. |
| to be up to to be someone's decision; to be secretly doing something | depender de / estar tramando | It's up to the individual to decide how they want to balance work and personal life. Depende de cada individuo decidir cómo quiere equilibrar el trabajo y la vida personal. |
| to emphasise to give special importance to something Sinónimos: stress, highlight | enfatizar / recalcar / subrayar | The report emphasises the need for urgent action on climate change. El informe enfatiza la necesidad de tomar medidas urgentes contra el cambio climático. |
| to take a stance to publicly state your position on an issue Sinónimos: take a position | posicionarse / tomar postura | The newspaper has taken a strong stance against government censorship. El periódico ha tomado una postura firme contra la censura gubernamental. |
| to shed light on to help explain or make something clearer Sinónimos: clarify, illuminate | arrojar luz sobre | The newly released documents shed light on the government's decision-making process during the crisis. Los documentos recién publicados arrojan luz sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones del gobierno durante la crisis. |
| reluctant Not willing to do something, and therefore slow to do it. Sinónimos: unwilling, hesitant | reacio / poco dispuesto | Many investors remain reluctant to put money into projects with uncertain returns. Muchos inversores siguen siendo reacios a invertir en proyectos con rendimientos inciertos. |
| to dispose offormal to get rid of something you no longer need Sinónimos: discard, get rid of | deshacerse de / eliminar | Electronic waste must be disposed of responsibly to prevent environmental contamination. Los residuos electrónicos deben eliminarse de manera responsable para prevenir la contaminación ambiental. |
| to be taken aback to be very surprised, often unpleasantly Sinónimos: be shocked, be startled | quedarse sorprendido / desconcertado | I was taken aback by his sudden resignation after twenty years with the company. Me quedé desconcertado por su repentina dimisión después de veinte años en la empresa. |
| to go through to experience something difficult; to examine carefully Sinónimos: experience, review | pasar por / experimentar / revisar | The country is going through a period of political instability that worries investors. El país está pasando por un período de inestabilidad política que preocupa a los inversores. |
| to pan outinformal To develop or end in a particular way, especially successfully. Sinónimos: work out, succeed | salir bien / resultar | Their plan to expand into Asia didn't pan out, so they refocused on the domestic market. Su plan de expandirse a Asia no salió bien, así que volvieron a centrarse en el mercado nacional. |
| to opt for to choose one thing instead of others Sinónimos: choose, select | optar por / elegir | More consumers are opting for organic products despite the higher price tag. Más consumidores están optando por productos ecológicos a pesar del precio más alto. |
| to broaden to make something wider or more general Sinónimos: widen, expand | ampliar / ensanchar | Travelling abroad can significantly broaden your perspective on different cultures. Viajar al extranjero puede ampliar significativamente tu perspectiva sobre diferentes culturas. |
| to diminishformal to become or make smaller or less important Sinónimos: decrease, lessen | disminuir / reducir | The company's reputation has been diminished by a series of product recalls. La reputación de la empresa se ha visto mermada por una serie de retiradas de productos. |
| to be in favour of to support an idea or plan Sinónimos: support, back | estar a favor de | A majority of those polled were in favour of stricter regulations on social media platforms. La mayoría de los encuestados estaba a favor de regulaciones más estrictas para las plataformas de redes sociales. |
| to hamper to make progress difficult Sinónimos: hinder, impede | dificultar / obstaculizar | Bureaucratic red tape continues to hamper the development of small businesses. La burocracia sigue dificultando el desarrollo de las pequeñas empresas. |
| to take measuresformal to act officially to deal with a problem Sinónimos: take action | tomar medidas | The government must take urgent measures to address the housing crisis. El gobierno debe tomar medidas urgentes para abordar la crisis de la vivienda. |
| to come into effectformal to officially start applying, like a law Sinónimos: take effect | entrar en vigor | The new regulations on data privacy came into effect in January. Las nuevas regulaciones sobre privacidad de datos entraron en vigor en enero. |
| to bear the brunt of to suffer the worst part of something bad | sufrir lo peor de / llevar la peor parte de | Low-income families bore the brunt of the economic recession. Las familias con bajos ingresos sufrieron lo peor de la recesión económica. |
| deterrent something that stops people doing something bad | disuasorio / elemento disuasorio | Some argue that harsh prison sentences serve as an effective deterrent against crime. Algunos argumentan que las duras penas de prisión sirven como un disuasorio eficaz contra el crimen. |
| to give in to finally agree or stop fighting Sinónimos: yield, surrender | ceder / rendirse | After months of pressure from the public, the government finally gave in and reversed the policy. Después de meses de presión pública, el gobierno finalmente cedió y revocó la política. |
| to vouch for to say you are sure someone or something is good Sinónimos: guarantee, attest to | responder por / garantizar | I can vouch for her professionalism — she always delivers excellent work on time. Puedo responder por su profesionalidad — siempre entrega un trabajo excelente a tiempo. |
| to abide byformal to obey a rule, decision or agreement Sinónimos: obey, comply with | acatar / respetar / cumplir | All members must abide by the rules set out in the organisation's code of conduct. Todos los miembros deben acatar las normas establecidas en el código de conducta de la organización. |
| to shed to lose or get rid of something naturally Sinónimos: drop, cast off | desprenderse de / perder / derramar | The company plans to shed 500 jobs as part of its restructuring programme. La empresa planea eliminar 500 puestos de trabajo como parte de su programa de reestructuración. |
| to conveneformal to bring people together for a formal meeting Sinónimos: assemble, summon | convocar / reunirse | The board convened an emergency meeting to discuss the data breach. La junta convocó una reunión de emergencia para discutir la filtración de datos. |
| to tamper with to touch or change something secretly and without permission Sinónimos: interfere with, meddle with | manipular / alterar indebidamente | The investigation revealed that someone had tampered with the evidence before the trial. La investigación reveló que alguien había manipulado las pruebas antes del juicio. |
| to dwell on to keep thinking or talking about something, especially bad Sinónimos: obsess over, linger on | darle vueltas a / obsesionarse con | There's no point dwelling on past mistakes — we need to focus on finding a solution. No tiene sentido darle vueltas a los errores del pasado — necesitamos centrarnos en encontrar una solución. |
| to make ends meet to have just enough money to live Sinónimos: get by | llegar a fin de mes | With the rising cost of living, many families are struggling to make ends meet. Con el aumento del coste de la vida, muchas familias tienen dificultades para llegar a fin de mes. |
| detrimentalformal causing harm or damage Sinónimos: harmful, damaging | perjudicial / nocivo | Excessive use of social media can be detrimental to young people's mental health. El uso excesivo de las redes sociales puede ser perjudicial para la salud mental de los jóvenes. |
| concise short and clear, without unnecessary words Sinónimos: brief, succinct | conciso / breve | The best reports are concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary jargon. Los mejores informes son concisos y van al grano, evitando la jerga innecesaria. |
| daunting seeming very difficult and making you feel less confident Sinónimos: intimidating, discouraging | intimidante / desalentador | Starting a new business can be a daunting prospect, but careful planning helps. Empezar un nuevo negocio puede ser una perspectiva intimidante, pero una planificación cuidadosa ayuda. |
| to scrutiniseformal to examine something very carefully Sinónimos: examine, inspect | examinar minuciosamente / escudriñar | Parliament will scrutinise the proposed legislation before it is put to a vote. El parlamento examinará minuciosamente la legislación propuesta antes de someterla a votación. |
| to make do with to manage with something less good than you wanted Sinónimos: get by with | arreglárselas con / conformarse con | When funding is limited, schools have to make do with outdated textbooks and equipment. Cuando la financiación es limitada, las escuelas tienen que arreglárselas con libros de texto y equipos anticuados. |
| to jeopardiseformal to put something at risk of failing or being harmed Sinónimos: endanger, risk | poner en peligro / arriesgar | Leaking confidential information could jeopardise the entire investigation. Filtrar información confidencial podría poner en peligro toda la investigación. |
| pertinentformal directly connected to the topic being discussed Sinónimos: relevant, applicable | pertinente / relevante | The lawyer raised several pertinent questions that the witness struggled to answer. El abogado planteó varias preguntas pertinentes que el testigo tuvo dificultades para responder. |
| to phase in to start using something slowly, in stages Sinónimos: introduce gradually | introducir gradualmente | The new tax regulations will be phased in over a three-year period. Las nuevas regulaciones fiscales se introducirán gradualmente durante un período de tres años. |
| overarchingformal including or affecting everything; most important Sinónimos: overall, comprehensive | general / global / predominante | The overarching goal of the project is to reduce child poverty by 50% within a decade. El objetivo general del proyecto es reducir la pobreza infantil en un 50% en una década. |
| to follow up To take further action after something, such as contacting someone again to check progress. Sinónimos: check back, chase up | hacer seguimiento / dar continuidad | I will follow up with the supplier tomorrow to confirm the revised delivery date. Mañana haré seguimiento con el proveedor para confirmar la nueva fecha de entrega. |
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